MongoDB provides a number of features that allow application developers and database administrators to customize the behavior of a sharded cluster or replica set deployment so that MongoDB may be more “data center aware,” or allow operational and location-based separation.
MongoDB also supports segregation based on functional parameters, to ensure that certain mongod instances are only used for reporting workloads or that certain high-frequency portions of a sharded collection only exist on specific shards.
Consider the following documents:
Additionally, consider the Write Concern and Read Preference documents, which addresses capabilities related to data center awareness.